Funktionstests bei omegaVENTUS
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Netzbetreiber & Netzanschlussregeln
omegaVENTUS-Kunden profitieren auch bei ihren internationalen Projektvorhaben von unseren Lösungen gemäß Anforderungen in internationalen Netzanschlussregeln und gleichzeitig Optimierung von relevanten elektrischen Komponenten
Land | Herausgeber/ Aussteller |
Titel | Jahr |
Australien | Australian Energy Market Commission(AEMC) | National Electricity Rules, revision 60 | 2014 |
Belgien | Synergrid (federation of grid electricity and natural gas in Belgium)
Synergrid (federation of grid electricity and natural gas in Belgium) |
Specifieke technische aansluitingsvoorschriften voor gedecentraliseerde productie-installaties die in parallel werken met het distributienet
Power Quality voorschriften voor netgebruikers aangesloten op hoogspanningsnetten |
2012
2009 |
Bulgarien | State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission | Bulgarian Grid Code | 2009 |
Dänemark | Energinet.dk
Nordel |
Technical regulation 3.2.5 for wind power plants with a power output greater than 11 kW
Nordic Grid Code |
2010
2007 |
Estland | Government of the Republic | Võrgueeskiri RT I 2003, 49, 347 (Grid Code) | 2011 |
Finnland | Fingrid Oyj | General Connection Terms of Fingrid Oyj’s Grid
Specifications for the Operational Performance of Power Plants |
2007 |
Griechenland | Ministry of Development, Directorate of Energy | Grid Control and Power Exchange Code for Electricity | 2005 |
Indien | Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission |
Indian Electricity Grid Code
Indian Wind Grid Code (Draft) |
2010
2009 |
Irland | EirGrid | EirGrid Grid CodeVersion 5.0 | 2013 |
Italien | Terna
CEI – Comitato Elettrotecnico Italiano |
Code for transmission, dispatching, developing and security of the grid
Norma Italiana CEI 0-16 V1 Reference technical rules for the connection of active and passive consumers to the HV and MV electrical networks of distribution Company |
2005
2013 |
Japan | Electric Power System Council of Japan | The Rules of ESCJ | 2009 |
Kanada | Hydro-Québec TransEnergie
Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) |
Transmission Provider Technical Requirements for the Connection of Power Plants to the Hydro-Québec
Transmission System Wind Power Facility Technical Requirements (Revision 0) |
2009
2004 |
Kenia | Energy regulatory Commission | Kenya electricity Grid Code | 2008 |
Lettland | Republic of Latvia – Public utilities commission | Elektroenerģijas tirgus likums & Tīkla kodekss (Network Code) |
2010 |
Luxemburg | Verteilungsnetzbetreiber des Großherzogtums Luxemburg | Technische Anschlussbedingungen für Mittelspannungs-Übergabestationen im Großherzogtum Luxemburg
Technische Anschlussbedingungen für Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannung bis 1000 V im Großherzogtum Luxemburg |
2009
2009 |
Malta | Enemalta Corporation | The Network Code (Version 1) | 2013 |
Mauritius | Central Electricity Board | Grid Code for Small Scale Distributed Generation (SSDG) | 2010 |
Niederlande | Office of Energy Regulation (Dte) | Electricity Metering/Network/System Code | 2007 |
Norwegen | Nordel | Nordic Grid Code | 2007 |
Österreich | Energie-Control | Technische und organisatorische Regeln für Betreiber und Benutzer von Netzen (Teil A-F) Part A (Version 1.6, 2008), Part B (Version 2.0, 2008), Part C (Version 2.0, 2009), Part D (Version 2.0, 2004), Part E (Version 2.0, 2008), Part F (Version 2.1, 2007) |
2004-2009 |
Philippinen | Energy Regulatory Commission | Philippine Grid Code (PGC) incl. Amendment No. 2 | 2001/2013 |
Polen | Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne Operator S.A. (TSO) | Instrukcja Ruchu i Eksploatacji Sieci Przesyłowej – Warunki korzystania, prowadzenia ruchu, eksploatacji i planowania rozwoju sieci (Instruction of transmission system operation and maintenance) | 2006 |
Rumänien | Romanian Power Grid Company Transelectrica S.A.
Autoritatea Nationala De Reglementare in Domeniul Energiei |
Technical Transmission Grid Code Romanian Power System
Technical conditions for grid connection of wind power plants (ANRE 51/2009)
Conditii tehnice de racordare la retelele electrice de interes public pentru centralele electrice fotovoltaice (ANRE 30/2013) |
2004
2009
2013 |
Skandinavien (Dänemark, Finnland, Norwegen, Schweden) |
Nordel | Nordic Grid Code | 2007 |
Slowakei | Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová sústava (Office for the Regulation of Network Industries) | Slovak Transmission System Code | 2002 |
Spanien | Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism | P.O. 12.2 Instalaciones conectadas a la red de transporte: requisitos mínimos de diseño, equipamiento, funcionamiento y seguridad y puesta en servicio (Operational Procedure 12.2: Installations connected to a power transmission system and generating equipment: minimum design requirements, equipment, operations, commissioning and safety) P.O.12.3 Requisitos de respuesta frente a huecos de tensión de las instalaciones de producción de régimen especial (Operational Procedure 12.3: Requirements regarding wind power facility response to grid voltage dips) |
2005/ 2006 |
Schweden | Svenska Kraftnät
Nordel |
The Business Agency Svenska kraftnät’s regulations and general advice concerning the reliable design of production plants
Nordic Grid Code |
2005
2007 |
Südafrika | The RSA Grid Code Secretariat of Eskom Transmission Division
National Energy Rogulator of South Africa (NERSA) |
Grid code requirements for wind energy facilities connected to distribution or transmission systems in south africa (Version 5.4)
Grid connection code for renewable power plants (RPPs) connected to the electricity transmission systems (TS) or the distribution system (DS) in south africa |
2012
2012 |
Tschechien | ČEPS | Rules for Transmission System Operation – The Grid Code | 2011 |
Türkei | Elektrik Piyasasi Sebeke Yönetmeligi (“Electricity market grid regulation” incl. Appendix 18 connection criteria required for wind generators (Version 28517)) | 2013 | |
Ungarn | Magyar Villamosenergia-ipari Átviteli Rendszerirányító Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság (MAVIR) => TSO | Üzemi Szabályzat (Operating Rules) Üzemi Szabályzat melléklete (Operating Rules Annex) |
2011 |
Uganda | Electricity Regulatory Anthority | The Electricity (Primary Grid Code) Regulations (2003 No. 24) | 2003 |
USA | Federal Grid Electricity Transmission | Interconnection for Wind Energy | 2005 |
Vereinigtes | National Grid Electricity Transmission | The Grid Code – Issue 5 Revision 6 | 2013 |
Königreich | National Grid Electricity Transmission | The Grid Code – Issue 5 Revision 6 | 2013 |
Zypern | Transmission System Operator -Cyprus | Transmission and Distribution Regulation | 2011 |
Grid Code analysis and specification
Our experts are continually aligned with the TSO’s, DNO’s and certification bodies ensuring state-of the art specifications based on worldwide actual valid requirements for renewable power plants and generating units.
- Requirements for Power Plants: analysis and interpretations aligned and agreed directly with the TSO of on- and off-shore applications in the European, American and Asian markets
- Requirements for Generating Units: analysis and interpretations aligned and agreed directly with the TSO or DNO of on- and off-shore applications in the European, American and Asian markets.
- Specifications for Power Plants: measurements-, modelling- and simulation plans and definitions, based on project dedicated standards
- Specifications for Generating Units: measurement-, modelling- and simulation plans and definitions, based on project dedicated standards
- Other Requirements/Specifications: dedicated to the compliance of prototype activities, project specific solutions, considering the optimal integration of the generating unit within the power plant connected to the grid
No. REFERENCE | NAME |
[1] GL2012-OFS | Guideline for the certification of offshore Wind Turbines, GL Ed2012 |
[2] VDN | German Transmission Code 2007 |
[3] BDEW | Guideline for plants connected to the medium-voltage network, Ed. June 2008 |
[4] SDLWindV | Ordinance on System Services by Wind Energy Plants |
[5] FGW, Part 3 | Measurements of Electrical Properties – Power Quality (EMC), Revision 23, dated 01.05.2013 |
[6] FGW, Part 4 | Modelling and Validating Simulation Models of the Electrical Characteristics of Power Generating Units and Systems, Revision 6, dated 07.04.2014 |
[7] FGW, Part 8 | Certification of the Electrical Characteristics of Power Generating Units and Systems in the Medium-, High- and Highest-voltage Grids, Revision 6, dated 01.05.2013 |
[8] TenneT TSO | Requirements for Offshore Grid Connections in the Grid of TenneT TSO GmbH, dated: 21-12-2012 |
[9] 50Hertz TSO | NETZANSCLUSS UND NETZANSCLUSSREGELN, Technisch organisatorische Mindestanforderungen, Stand Mai 2008 |
[10] NGET | National Grid Electricity Transmission, THE GRID CODE – ISSUE 5 – Revision 4, 19 August 2013 |
[11] RTE | Réseau de transport d’électricité, Documentation technique de référence |
[12] ENTSOE | Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/631 of 14 April 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection generators. |
[13] Danish | Technical regulation 3.2.5 for wind power plants with a power output above 11 kW. Published UK edition, approved 10.06.2015 |
[14] Dutch | Tennet, Compliance activities in relation to Connection Requirements Wind Farms System Operations – Version V3.0 January 2014 |
Electrical measurements
Electrical measurement and supervision activities implies all engineering measurements activities, including Development Accompanying Assessment (DAA) to ensure the compliance of the electrical behavior according to the design requirements of the costumers and to the respective grid codes, ensuring the conformity to all relevant standards up to the certification guidelines worldwide.
Validation of single components and the whole electrical system
Includes measurement campaigns and validation of single components up to the whole system of the power generating units and power plants.
Grid code compliance and specific project requirements toward relevant standards
Includes the grid code compliance of the power generating units and power plants. The main groups of the electrical measurements related to the grid code compliance are listed in the table below
No. Electrical measurements | Guideline |
[1] Continuous operation | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[2] Maximum power | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[3] Cut-in-conditions | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[4] Switching operations | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[5] Ramp rate limitation | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[6] Set-point control active & reactive power | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[7] Reactive power capability | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[8] Current harmonics, interharmonics and higher freq. Components | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[9] LVRT / HVRT | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[10] Grid protection | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[11] Reconnection time | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
[12] Power limitation at increased grid frequency | IEC 61400-21, FGW TR3 |
Our services are focused (but not limited) through the following activities:
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- Specification of the scenarios in a measurement plane, including success criteria’s
- On-site measurements and/or assessment of measurements
- Verification of the compliance to the success criteria’s
- Elaborating of optimal solutions by interactions with the public grid on the grid connection points
- Data analysis and final measurement reports in compliance to the relevant standards
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Modelling and simulations of Power Generating Units
The model of the generating unit which is required to be used in simulations must reflect the measured electrical characteristics with sufficient accuracy given in different standards.
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- Dynamic models: Developing of Root-Mean-Square models, the so called RMS Model
- Quasi-steady-state models: Simplified model to determine the reactive power supplied in the normal operating mode. Depending on the complexities of the WTG system, this model can be included in the RMS model above
- Electro-Magnetic-Transient model: Developing of the EMT Model
- Harmonic model: Developing of equivalent Thevenin and Norton harmonic model
- Building of Software interfaces: co-simulation studies with models or model blocks in different software using dll’s (e.g. MATLAB/Simulink, DigSilent/Power Factory, PSCAD and GH Bladed)
- Validation of the models according to the modelling standards and the grid code:
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- Short circuit current capability of electrical devices within the wind farm
- Reactive power exchange and voltage stability
- Voltage- and current harmonic impact
- Low- and High Voltage Ride Through behavior – grid support during failures
- Primary Control – active power reaction during frequency deviations
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Below a simple illustration of model boundaries and validity in the unit level is shown, using an example of a wind turbine generating unit as full converter concept (WTG Type 4b).
Modelling and simulations of Power Plants
- Modelling and validation of all relevant electrical devises within the power plant (e. g. all electrical devises within the windfarm)
- Modelling and validation of the Wind Farm Controller (WFC)
- Integration and plausibilisation of validated individual windturbine models, windfarm controllers and other components in the complete windfarm system
- Wind farm grid compliance studies by using validated wind turbine models
- Creation of technical reports for grid wind farm integration and wind farm WTG integration simulation studies – required from the relevant grid codes and standards
- Creation of technical reports after the investigation of failures within the electrical drive train of wind turbines – e.g. short-circuit current capability
- Conformity validation regarding respective grid codes for the harmonics spectrum
For the investigation of the grid code compliance, simulation studies will be performed in wind turbine and wind farm level regarding:
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- Steady-State simulations
- Short-circuit calculations and simulations
- Frequency response calculations
- Short circuit & protection calculations and simulations
- EMT Simulations
- Harmonics simulation and investigation
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Our experts are continually aligned with the TSO’s, DNO’s and certification bodies in order to ensure that the investigation scopes covers all relevant requirements stated in the actual versions of the grid codes. The main groups of the required simulation studies are listed in the table 2 below, depending on the grid code applying to the project the supplier can chose the investigation of all topics or a part of the list as stated (but not limited) in the table 2 below.
No. METHOD of calc. | DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC |
[1] Steady state | Investigation of several no load and auxiliary power supply cases |
[2] Steady state | Investigation of partial- and full-load generation scenarios |
[3] Steady state | Calculation and evaluation of the P-Q-diagrams at the PCC’s under consideration of overall voltage band in super grid voltage |
[4] Steady state | Investigations according point 3 with and without automatic voltage control at the PCC by the step up transformers |
[5] Steady state | Verification of the voltage stability and the dimensioning of the electrical equipment |
[6] Steady state | Calculation and identification of the wind farm network losses |
[7] Steady state | Verification of the PQ-capabilities and the dimensioning criterions for selected n-1 outages |
[8] Steady state | Calculation and evaluation of max. 3-phase short circuit currents |
[9] Steady state | Calculation and evaluation of max. 1-phase short circuit currents |
[10] SC Calculation | Verification of the dimensioning of the electrical equipment regarding short circuit stressing |
[11] SC Calculation | Verification of the effectiveness of the neutral earthing, calculation of earth fault factors |
[12] SC Calculation | Calculation and evaluation of max. 2-phase and 2-phase-earth short circuit currents |
[13] SC Calculation | Calculation and evaluation of the symmetric short circuit fractions of the OWF at the PCCs |
[14] SC Calculation | Calculation and evaluation of the asymmetric short circuit fractions of the OWF at the PCCs |
[15] Frequency resp. calculation |
Calculation and evaluation of the frequency responses at the PCCs for several switching stages and generating conditions*) |
[16] Frequency resp. calculation |
Evaluation of network resonances*) |
[17] Frequency resp. calculation |
Calculation and evaluation of the frequency responses at the PCCs for several stages of expansion |
[18] Harmonic calc. | Calculation and evaluation of the voltage harmonics at the PCC for several switching stages |
[19] Harmonic calc. | Replication of the WTGs by harmonic voltage sources |
[20] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies (3-phase faults) |
[21] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies (2-phase faults with / without earth) |
[22] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies (1-phase faults) |
[23] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies for innerpark faults |
[24] Harmonic calc. | Consideration of several generating conditions (for P and Q) |
[25] EMT/RMS calc. | Consideration of several voltages at the PCCs |
[26] EMT/RMS calc. | Studies on longitudinal grid faults and load shedding |
[27] EMT/RMS calc. | Simulation of rapid voltage changes at the PCCs |
[28] EMT/RMS calc. | Investigation on the energizing of transformers, cables, reactors |
[29] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the dynamic behavior in relation to overfrequency |
[30] EMT/RMS calc. | Dyn. studies related to fluctuating wind / gusts of wind |
[31] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the EPC functions according to the design requirements |
[32] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the voltage / overvoltage guard |
[33] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the under- / overfrequency guard |
[34] EMT/RMS calc. | Consideration of several switching stages and generating conditions |
[35] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the grid code conform protection coordination |
Control strategies to optimize the performance of the power plane
The kind of scope of services rendered by neveling.net GmbH are based on the relevant agreements concluded, subject to the Rules applicable at the time of survey or inspection, unless otherwise provided by separate express agreements. It is the client obligation to ensure that the services of neveling.net GmbH can be rendered smoothly, be granted unrestricted access and the right of inspection. Any information, drawing, etc. required for performance of the functions and activities of neveling.net GmbH must be made available in due time. Before neveling.net GmbH starts work, the client shall inform neveling.net GmbH about relevant safety issues and take all necessary safety-related measures to ensure a safe work for neveling.net GmbH and shall comply with all legal and other safety relevant regulations.est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
Modeling and Simulation Tools MATLAB / Simulink, DigSILENT, GH Bladed
a. Developing of Root-Mean-Square models: RMS Model
b. Developing of Electro-Magnetic-Transient models: EMT Model
c. Developing of Harmonic model: Thevenin and/or Norton model harmonic equivalent
d. Building of Software interfaces: co-simulation studies with models or model blocks in different software using dll’s (e.g. MATLAB/Simulink, DigSilent/Power Factory, PSCAD and GH Bladed)
e. Validation of the models according to the modelling standards and grid codes:
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-
- Short circuit current capability of electrical devices within the wind farm
- Reactive power exchange and voltage stability
- Voltage- and current harmonic impact
- Low- and High Voltage Ride Through behavior – grid support during failures
- Primary Control – active power reaction during frequency deviations
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Validation of mathematical models of
- Modelling and validation of all relevant electrical devises within the power plant (e. g. all electrical devises within the windfarm)
- Modelling and validation of the Wind Farm Controller (WFC)
- Integration and plausibilisation of validated individual windturbine models, windfarm controllers and other components in the complete windfarm system
- Wind farm grid compliance studies by using validated wind turbine models
- Creation of technical reports for grid wind farm integration and wind farm WTG integration simulation studies – required from the relevant grid codes and standards
- Creation of technical reports after the investigation of failures within the electrical drive train of wind turbines – e.g. short-circuit current capability
- Conformity validation regarding respective grid codes for the harmonics spectrum
Certification process
Our certification experts supports your projects through the whole certification process of the electrical behavior of the wind turbines, wind farms and other generating units. The activities are focused (but not limited) on the type certificate for design requirements, unit- and planed certificate for electrical behavior, as well as other costumer needed statement of compliance to be issued from certification body’s.
The scope in this process includes the following main tasks which we are covering:
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- Clarification of the requirements with the certification body
- Clarification of requirements with the DNO or TSO
- Specification of the documents to be supplied to the certification body
- Executing of calculation or simulations needed for the certification
- Creation of Reports and other documents needed for the certification
- On-Site support for verification of the conformity to the certificates
- Assessment and monitoring of certificates issued from certification body
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Project Management
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(muss noch umformuliert/erweiter werden)
Forschung und Entwicklung
Netzanschluss, Modellierung und Netzstudien
Messung Elektrische Eigenschaften, Erstellung von Messberichten
Zertifizierungsbegleitende Expertise
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