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- Modelling and validation of all relevant electrical devises within the power plant (e. g. all electrical devises within the windfarm)
- Modelling and validation of the Wind Farm Controller (WFC)
- Integration and plausibilisation of validated individual windturbine models, windfarm controllers and other components in the complete windfarm system
- Wind farm grid compliance studies by using validated wind turbine models
- Creation of technical reports for grid wind farm integration and wind farm WTG integration simulation studies – required from the relevant grid codes and standards
- Creation of technical reports after the investigation of failures within the electrical drive train of wind turbines – e.g. short-circuit current capability
- Conformity validation regarding respective grid codes for the harmonics spectrum
For the investigation of the grid code compliance, simulation studies will be performed in wind turbine and wind farm level regarding:
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- Steady-State simulations
- Short-circuit calculations and simulations
- Frequency response calculations
- Short circuit & protection calculations and simulations
- EMT Simulations
- Harmonics simulation and investigation
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Our experts are continually aligned with the TSO’s, DNO’s and certification bodies in order to ensure that the investigation scopes covers all relevant requirements stated in the actual versions of the grid codes. The main groups of the required simulation studies are listed in the table 2 below, depending on the grid code applying to the project the supplier can chose the investigation of all topics or a part of the list as stated (but not limited) in the table 2 below.
| No. METHOD of calc. | DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC |
| [1] Steady state | Investigation of several no load and auxiliary power supply cases |
| [2] Steady state | Investigation of partial- and full-load generation scenarios |
| [3] Steady state | Calculation and evaluation of the P-Q-diagrams at the PCC’s under consideration of overall voltage band in super grid voltage |
| [4] Steady state | Investigations according point 3 with and without automatic voltage control at the PCC by the step up transformers |
| [5] Steady state | Verification of the voltage stability and the dimensioning of the electrical equipment |
| [6] Steady state | Calculation and identification of the wind farm network losses |
| [7] Steady state | Verification of the PQ-capabilities and the dimensioning criterions for selected n-1 outages |
| [8] Steady state | Calculation and evaluation of max. 3-phase short circuit currents |
| [9] Steady state | Calculation and evaluation of max. 1-phase short circuit currents |
| [10] SC Calculation | Verification of the dimensioning of the electrical equipment regarding short circuit stressing |
| [11] SC Calculation | Verification of the effectiveness of the neutral earthing, calculation of earth fault factors |
| [12] SC Calculation | Calculation and evaluation of max. 2-phase and 2-phase-earth short circuit currents |
| [13] SC Calculation | Calculation and evaluation of the symmetric short circuit fractions of the OWF at the PCCs |
| [14] SC Calculation | Calculation and evaluation of the asymmetric short circuit fractions of the OWF at the PCCs |
| [15] Frequency resp. calculation | Calculation and evaluation of the frequency responses at the PCCs for several switching stages and generating conditions*) |
| [16] Frequency resp. calculation | Evaluation of network resonances*) |
| [17] Frequency resp. calculation | Calculation and evaluation of the frequency responses at the PCCs for several stages of expansion |
| [18] Harmonic calc. | Calculation and evaluation of the voltage harmonics at the PCC for several switching stages |
| [19] Harmonic calc. | Replication of the WTGs by harmonic voltage sources |
| [20] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies (3-phase faults) |
| [21] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies (2-phase faults with / without earth) |
| [22] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies (1-phase faults) |
| [23] EMT/RMS calc. | LVRT studies for innerpark faults |
| [24] Harmonic calc. | Consideration of several generating conditions (for P and Q) |
| [25] EMT/RMS calc. | Consideration of several voltages at the PCCs |
| [26] EMT/RMS calc. | Studies on longitudinal grid faults and load shedding |
| [27] EMT/RMS calc. | Simulation of rapid voltage changes at the PCCs |
| [28] EMT/RMS calc. | Investigation on the energizing of transformers, cables, reactors |
| [29] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the dynamic behavior in relation to overfrequency |
| [30] EMT/RMS calc. | Dyn. studies related to fluctuating wind / gusts of wind |
| [31] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the EPC functions according to the design requirements |
| [32] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the voltage / overvoltage guard |
| [33] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the under- / overfrequency guard |
| [34] EMT/RMS calc. | Consideration of several switching stages and generating conditions |
| [35] EMT/RMS calc. | Verification of the grid code conform protection coordination |